{"id":1414,"date":"2026-07-31T08:04:26","date_gmt":"2026-07-31T08:04:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lift-cylinders.com\/?p=1414"},"modified":"2026-07-31T08:06:15","modified_gmt":"2026-07-31T08:06:15","slug":"super-long-reach-extension-cylinders-for-long-reach-excavators","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lift-cylinders.com\/tr\/application\/super-long-reach-extension-cylinders-for-long-reach-excavators\/","title":{"rendered":"Uzun Eri\u015fimli Ekskavat\u00f6rler i\u00e7in S\u00fcper Uzun Eri\u015fimli Uzatma Silindirleri"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Toprak \u0130\u015fleme ve Y\u0131k\u0131m Serisi \u00b7 Monografi XXVII<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Uzun Eri\u015fimli Ekskavat\u00f6rler i\u00e7in S\u00fcper Uzun Eri\u015fimli Uzatma Silindirleri<\/h1>\n

Uzun eri\u015fimli ekskavat\u00f6rler, derin temel hafriyat makineleri, y\u00fcksek eri\u015fimli y\u0131k\u0131m makineleri ve nehir tarama ekskavat\u00f6rleri, 16 ila 32 metre \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma mesafesine ula\u015fan uzat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bom ve kol tertibatlar\u0131 kullan\u0131r. Bu a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 konsol uzunluklar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak, hidrolik akt\u00fcat\u00f6rler \u00fczerinde ciddi e\u011filme momentleri ve merkezden uzak yan y\u00fckler olu\u015fturur. Bu m\u00fchendislik monografisi, \u00e7ift etkili kaynakl\u0131 piston tipi s\u00fcper uzun eri\u015fimli uzatma silindirlerinin yap\u0131sal mekani\u011fini, metalurjisini ve tribolojik optimizasyonunu inceler. Konsol e\u011filme momenti da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131, 42CrMo y\u00fcksek mukavemetli ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00e7elik metalurjisini, yerelle\u015ftirilmi\u015f temas gerilimi kenar sivri u\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n fizi\u011fini, \u00e7ubuk eksantrik a\u015f\u0131nma mekani\u011fini ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 merkezden uzak y\u00fckleme alt\u0131nda g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fi korumak i\u00e7in gereken uzat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f k\u0131lavuz kovan yatak mimarilerini analiz ediyoruz.<\/p>\n

42CrMo Ala\u015f\u0131m Metalurjisi<\/span>
\nUzat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f K\u0131lavuz Kovan Yata\u011f\u0131<\/span>
\nS\u0131rad\u0131\u015f\u0131 Giyim Tasar\u0131m\u0131na Kar\u015f\u0131<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/header>\n

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\u00c7ok Uzun Eri\u015fimli Uzatma Silindirleri i\u00e7in M\u00fchendislik \u00d6zellikleri Matrisi<\/h2>\n

A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki m\u00fchendislik parametreleri, uzun eri\u015fimli ekskavat\u00f6r bomlar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u00e7ift etkili kaynakl\u0131 uzatma silindirleri i\u00e7in gerekli metalurjik, yap\u0131sal, s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k ve tribolojik kriterleri tan\u0131mlar.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
M\u00fchendislik Parametresi<\/th>\nUzun Eri\u015fimli Ekipman Spesifikasyon Standard\u0131<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Ekipman Kategorisi ve Uygulamas\u0131<\/td>\n\u0130n\u015faat Ekipmanlar\u0131 \/ S\u00fcper Uzun Eri\u015fimli Ekskavat\u00f6rler, Tarama ve Y\u0131k\u0131m Makineleri<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Alt Sistem Hareket Profili<\/td>\nS\u00fcper Uzun Kol Uzatma ve Kalabal\u0131k Kinemati\u011fi \/ \u00c7ift Etkili Kontroll\u00fc Do\u011frusal Hareket<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hidrolik Silindir Ad\u0131<\/td>\nS\u00fcper Uzun Eri\u015fimli Uzatma Silindiri (Kol\/\u00c7ubuk Uzatma Akt\u00fcat\u00f6r\u00fc)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Eylem Modu ve Yap\u0131sal Tip<\/td>\n\u00c7ift Etkili Piston Tipi (Y\u00fcksek \u0130tme Kuvvetli Uzatma \/ Motorlu Y\u00fcksek Gerilimli Geri \u00c7ekme)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0130malat \u0130n\u015faat\u0131<\/td>\nRobotik Tam Kaynakl\u0131 Kal\u0131n Duvarl\u0131 Namlu ve D\u00f6vme G\u00f6z Kapaklar\u0131 (ISO 15614 \/ AWS D1.1)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Malzeme Sistemi Metalurjisi<\/td>\n42CrMo Y\u00fcksek Mukavemetli Ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00c7elik (GB\/T 3077 \/ EN 10083 42CrMo4 Su Verilmi\u015f ve Temperlenmi\u015f)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Y\u00fczey \u0130\u015fleme ve Kaplama<\/td>\n\u0130nd\u00fcksiyonla Sertle\u015ftirilmi\u015f (58\u201362 HRC) + Hassas Sert Krom Kaplama (30\u201345 \u03bcm)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00c7evresel De\u011ferlendirme S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131<\/td>\nA\u015f\u0131r\u0131 Merkezden Uzak Y\u00fck + \u015eiddetli Bom B\u00fck\u00fclme Momenti + A\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 Ta\u015f Oca\u011f\u0131 Tozu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Ko\u015fullar\u0131 Profili<\/td>\nGeni\u015fletilmi\u015f \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Yar\u0131\u00e7aplar\u0131 (18m ila 32m) + Dinamik Yan Y\u00fckleme + D\u00f6ng\u00fcsel \u015eok Kazma<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Birincil Ar\u0131za Giderildi<\/td>\nPiston kolunda eksantrik a\u015f\u0131nma, krom soyulmas\u0131, salmastra kenar\u0131nda \u00e7izilme ve asimetrik conta y\u0131rt\u0131lmas\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00d6nerilen M\u00fchendislik \u00d6nemli Noktalar\u0131<\/td>\nUzat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f K\u0131lavuz Man\u015fon Tertibat\u0131 (L_guide \/ d_rod \u2265 2.0) + Bronz A\u015f\u0131nma Band\u0131 Dizileri<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nominal \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Bas\u0131nc\u0131<\/td>\n31,5 MPa - 35,0 MPa (315 \u2013 350 Bar) Y\u00fcksek Bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 Hidrolik Devre De\u011ferlendirmesi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n

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Uzun Eri\u015fimli Bom Kinemati\u011fi ve Konsol B\u00fckme Mekani\u011fi<\/h2>\n

Uzun eri\u015fimli ekskavat\u00f6rler, standart kaz\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok \u00f6tesinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak \u00fczere tasarlanm\u0131\u015f, modifiye edilmi\u015f \u00e7ok par\u00e7al\u0131 bom ve kol yap\u0131lar\u0131na sahiptir. Derin temel \u015faftlar\u0131 kazarken, nehir yataklar\u0131n\u0131 tararken veya y\u00fcksek eri\u015fimli bina y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirirken, ekskavat\u00f6r kep\u00e7esi veya hidrolik k\u0131r\u0131c\u0131, uzun bir konsol kiri\u015fin ucunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Ana kol uzatma silindiri, ana bom yap\u0131s\u0131 ile uzat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kol aras\u0131na sabitlenmi\u015ftir ve bu g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmi\u015f kuvvetlerin y\u00fck yolunda do\u011frudan \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Uzun eri\u015fimli \u00e7ubu\u011fu s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak veya uzatmak i\u00e7in gereken tahrik kuvveti, \u00e7ift etkili mekanizma taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flan\u0131r. hidrolik uzatma silindirleri<\/a>Bu akt\u00fcat\u00f6rler, uzun kol boyunca a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 yap\u0131sal sapmay\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131larken, 35,0 MPa'ya kadar varan y\u00fcksek hidrolik bas\u0131n\u00e7lar alt\u0131nda hassas konumlar\u0131n\u0131 korumal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"asans\u00f6r-silindiri-ev-2\"<\/p>\n

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Konsol E\u011filme Momenti ve Merkezden Uzak Yan Y\u00fckler<\/h3>\n

Ekskavat\u00f6r kep\u00e7esi sert zemine sapland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda veya yan e\u011fimli i\u015flemler s\u0131ras\u0131nda b\u00fck\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, kazma direnci kep\u00e7e di\u015flerinde dikey bir kuvvet (F_vertical) ve yatay bir kuvvet (F_lateral) olu\u015fturur. Geni\u015fletilmi\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 (L_reach = 18 ila 32 metre) nedeniyle, bu u\u00e7 kuvvetleri bom yap\u0131s\u0131 boyunca b\u00fcy\u00fck e\u011filme momentleri (M_bending) \u00fcretir:<\/p>\n

M_b\u00fck\u00fclme = F_kova \u00d7 L_eri\u015fim<\/div>\n

Bu e\u011filme momenti, uzun kollu kutu kesitli yap\u0131y\u0131 yanal ve dikey olarak sapt\u0131r\u0131r. Yap\u0131sal \u00e7er\u00e7eve b\u00fck\u00fclmesi, \u015fiddetli merkez d\u0131\u015f\u0131 yan y\u00fckleri (F_taraf\u0131) do\u011frudan uzat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f silindir \u00e7ubuk ucuna aktar\u0131r. Sadece eksenel itme-\u00e7ekme kuvvetleri yerine, silindir, piston \u00e7ubu\u011funu silindir salmastra k\u0131lavuz k\u0131l\u0131f\u0131 i\u00e7inde b\u00fckmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u015fiddetli eksantrik kuvvetlere maruz kal\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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\u00c7ift Etkili Hidrolik Kuvvet Dinami\u011fi<\/h3>\n

\u00c7ift etkili uzatma silindirleri, kumanda kolunun uzat\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir uzatma itme kuvveti (F_push) ve kumanda kolunun s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda y\u00fcksek gerilimli bir geri \u00e7ekme kuvveti (F_pull) sa\u011flar:<\/p>\n

F_push = P_hyd \u00d7 A_cap = P_hyd \u00d7 (\u03c0 \u00d7 D_delik)2<\/sup> \/ 4)<\/div>\n
F_pull = P_hyd \u00d7 A_annulus = P_hyd \u00d7 [\u03c0 \u00d7 (D_delik)2<\/sup> \u2013 d_rod2<\/sup>) \/ 4]<\/div>\n

Burada P_hyd, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hidrolik devresi bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 (31,5 ila 35,0 MPa), D_bore silindir i\u00e7 \u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131 (tipik olarak 140 mm ila 220 mm) ve d_rod piston kolu \u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131 (90 mm ila 160 mm) temsil eder. Silindir kapa\u011f\u0131na flan\u015fla monte edilmi\u015f entegre dengeleyici valfler, ani y\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda kolun d\u00fc\u015fmesini \u00f6nler.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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Ar\u0131za Nedeninin Temel Analizi: Piston Kolu Eksantrik A\u015f\u0131nma Mekani\u011fi<\/h2>\n

A\u011f\u0131r kaz\u0131 y\u00fckleri alt\u0131nda uzun eri\u015fimli ekskavat\u00f6rlerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, s\u00fcrekli yanal b\u00fckme kuvvetleri olu\u015fturur. Saha incelemeleri bunu do\u011frulamaktad\u0131r. Piston Kolu Eksantrik A\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 (kol yan s\u00fcrt\u00fcnme a\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 \/ salmastra \u00e7izikleri)<\/strong> Uzun eri\u015fimli makinelerde kullan\u0131lan standart uzatma silindirlerinde en s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen ar\u0131za modu budur.<\/p>\n

Uzat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir piston koluna merkezden uzak yan y\u00fckler etki etti\u011finde, kol salmastra muhafazas\u0131 i\u00e7inde e\u011filir. K\u0131sa k\u0131lavuz bur\u00e7larla donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f geleneksel silindirlerde, bu e\u011filme hareketi, b\u00fcy\u00fck temas kuvvetlerini dar, lokalize temas bantlar\u0131na yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"kald\u0131rma-silindiri-hava-i\u015f-arac\u0131-uygulamas\u0131-1\"<\/p>\n

1. Yerel Temas Gerilimi Kenar Sivri U\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h3>\n

K\u0131sa bir k\u0131lavuz man\u015fonunda, yanal kuvvet (F_side), k\u0131lavuz burcunun \u00f6n kenar\u0131 ile arka piston yata\u011f\u0131 aras\u0131nda z\u0131t bir kuvvet reaksiyon \u00e7ifti olu\u015fturur. K\u0131lavuz aray\u00fcz\u00fc boyunca temas bas\u0131nc\u0131 (\u03c3_contact) d\u00fczensizdir ve d\u0131\u015f dudak kenar\u0131nda \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde y\u00fckselir:<\/p>\n

\u03c3_temas(kenar) = (F_taraf \/ A_temas) + [ (M_merkezden sapma \u00d7 y) \/ I_bur\u00e7 ]<\/div>\n

\u03c3_contact(edge) de\u011feri k\u0131lavuz bur\u00e7 malzemesinin akma s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 veya sert krom tabakas\u0131n\u0131n yorulma e\u015fi\u011fini a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ya\u011flama ya\u011f\u0131 filmi tamamen bozulur ve do\u011frudan metal-metal temas\u0131 meydana gelir.<\/p>\n

\"K\u0131sa<\/div>\n

2. Krom Kaplaman\u0131n Soyulmas\u0131, A\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 ve Conta Y\u0131rt\u0131lmas\u0131<\/h3>\n

Uzatma hareketleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda olu\u015fan a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kenar temas gerilimi ve kayma hareketi, krom kapl\u0131 piston kolunun bir taraf\u0131nda ciddi a\u015f\u0131nma ve \u00e7izilmelere neden olur:<\/p>\n

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1. Asimetrik Krom A\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131<\/h4>\n

Yerel y\u00fcksek temas bas\u0131nc\u0131, \u00e7ubu\u011fun bir taraf\u0131ndaki sert krom tabakas\u0131n\u0131 a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rarak alttaki \u00e7eli\u011fi \u00e7izilmeye ve h\u0131zl\u0131 oksidasyona maruz b\u0131rak\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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2. Asimetrik Conta Bozulmas\u0131<\/h4>\n

Piston kolunun e\u011filmesi, ana U-\u015fekilli contay\u0131 d\u00fczensiz bir \u015fekilde s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan taraf kal\u0131c\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma deformasyonuna u\u011frarken, kar\u015f\u0131 taraf temas \u00f6n y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc kaybeder.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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3. Y\u00fcksek Bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 Ya\u011f Ka\u00e7a\u011f\u0131<\/h4>\n

Hidrolik s\u0131v\u0131, s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k duda\u011f\u0131ndan akarak h\u0131zl\u0131 bas\u0131n\u00e7 kayb\u0131na, kontrols\u00fcz kol hareketine ve tamamen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ar\u0131zas\u0131na neden olur.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n

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Yap\u0131sal Metalurji: 42CrMo Ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00c7elik ve Krom Tribolojisi<\/h2>\n

\u00c7ok uzun eri\u015fimli ekskavat\u00f6rler, \u015fiddetli konsol y\u00fckleri alt\u0131nda kal\u0131c\u0131 \u00e7ubuk b\u00fck\u00fclmesine ve namlu geni\u015flemesine kar\u015f\u0131 koymak i\u00e7in y\u00fcksek malzeme mukavemetine ihtiya\u00e7 duyar. Standart karbon yap\u0131sal \u00e7elikler (Q235B veya AISI 1020 gibi) yeterli akma dayan\u0131m\u0131na sahip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, merkezden uzak yan y\u00fckler olu\u015ftu\u011funda plastik \u00e7ubuk e\u011frilmesine yol a\u00e7ar.<\/p>\n

Uzun eri\u015fimli kol uzatma silindirlerinde, hem kat\u0131 piston kolu hem de kal\u0131n duvarl\u0131 kaynakl\u0131 g\u00f6vde borusu i\u00e7in \"42CrMo y\u00fcksek mukavemetli ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00e7elik\" (GB\/T 3077'ye uygun, EN 10083 42CrMo4 \/ AISI 4140'a e\u015fde\u011fer) kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sertle\u015ftirme ve Tavlama Is\u0131l \u0130\u015flemi<\/h3>\n

42CrMo ham maddesi, tam bir Su Verme ve Tavlama (Q&T) \u0131s\u0131l i\u015flemine tabi tutulur. \u00c7elik, 850\u00b0C \u2013 880\u00b0C'de \u00f6stenitle\u015ftirilir, ince martensit olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in ya\u011fda su verilir ve 560\u00b0C \u2013 600\u00b0C'de tavlan\u0131r. Bu i\u015flem, malzemenin akma dayan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 (\u03c3_s) \u2265 850 MPa'ya ve nihai \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 (\u03c3_b) \u2265 1000 MPa'ya y\u00fckseltir; Charpy V \u00e7entik darbe enerjisi emilimi ise -20\u00b0C'de 45 J'yi a\u015far.<\/p>\n

Y\u00fcksek akma dayan\u0131m\u0131, kat\u0131 piston kolunun \u015fiddetli yan y\u00fckler alt\u0131nda kal\u0131c\u0131 bir b\u00fck\u00fclme deformasyonuna u\u011framadan elastik olarak deforme olmas\u0131n\u0131 ve milyonlarca \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc boyunca tam boyutsal do\u011frulu\u011funu korumas\u0131n\u0131 garanti eder.<\/p>\n

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\u00c7elik Malzeme Kalitesi<\/th>\nAkma Dayan\u0131m\u0131 (\u03c3_s)<\/th>\n\u00c7ekme Dayan\u0131m\u0131 (\u03c3_b)<\/th>\nCharpy Darbe Enerjisi (-20\u00b0C)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Q235B (Standart Karbon \u00c7eli\u011fi)<\/td>\n\u2265 235 MPa<\/td>\n370 \u2013 500 MPa<\/td>\n\u2264 20 J @ +20\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Q345D (D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck Ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00c7elik)<\/td>\n\u2265 345 MPa<\/td>\n470 \u2013 630 MPa<\/td>\n\u2265 34 J @ -20\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
42CrMo Ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00c7elik (Q&T Is\u0131l \u0130\u015flem G\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f)<\/td>\n\u2265 850 MPa<\/td>\n\u2265 1000 MPa<\/td>\n\u2265 45 J @ -20\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\u0130nd\u00fcksiyonla Sertle\u015ftirilmi\u015f Sert Krom Kaplama<\/h3>\n

Kat\u0131 42CrMo piston kolu, 3,0 mm ila 4,5 mm derinli\u011finde sertle\u015ftirilmi\u015f bir tabaka (58 ila 62 HRC) olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in orta frekansl\u0131 ind\u00fcksiyon sertle\u015ftirmesine tabi tutulur. Hassas merkezsiz ta\u015flamadan (Ra \u2264 0,15 \u03bcm) sonra, kol, mikro \u00e7atlakl\u0131 bir yap\u0131ya (400 ila 600 \u00e7atlak\/cm) sahip 30 \u03bcm ila 45 \u03bcm kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sert bir krom tabakas\u0131 ile elektrolizle kaplan\u0131r. Mikro \u00e7atlaklar hidrolik ya\u011f filmlerini tutarak salmastra k\u0131lavuz bur\u00e7lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcrt\u00fcnmeyi azalt\u0131r ve ocak tozu a\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 diren\u00e7 g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

<\/p>\n

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\u00d6nerilen Konfig\u00fcrasyon: Uzat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f K\u0131lavuz Man\u015fon ve Y\u00fcksek Y\u00fck Rulmanlar\u0131<\/h2>\n
\"Uzun<\/div>\n

A\u011f\u0131r ve uzun mesafeli b\u00fckme momentleri alt\u0131nda piston kolu eksantrik a\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131, krom pul pul d\u00f6k\u00fclmesini ve salmastra contas\u0131 y\u0131rt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 tamamen ortadan kald\u0131rmak, iki temel mekanik iyile\u015ftirmeye dayanan m\u00fchendislik \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc bir \"Eksantrik A\u015f\u0131nma \u00d6nleme Koruma Paketi\" gerektirir: \"Geni\u015fletilmi\u015f K\u0131lavuz Man\u015fon Mimarisi\" ve \"Y\u00fcksek Y\u00fck A\u015f\u0131nma Band\u0131 Dizileri\".<\/p>\n

1. Uzat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f K\u0131lavuz Man\u015fon Uzunluk Oran\u0131 (L_k\u0131lavuz \/ d_\u00e7ubuk \u2265 2,0 ila 2,5)<\/h3>\n

\u00d6n salmastra g\u00f6vdesi k\u0131lavuz uzunlu\u011fu (L_guide), piston kolu \u00e7ap\u0131na (d_rod) g\u00f6re uzat\u0131larak, L_guide \/ d_rod \u2265 2,0 ila 2,5 aras\u0131nda bir k\u0131lavuz oran\u0131 olu\u015fturulur (standart yard\u0131mc\u0131 silindirlerdeki 1,0 ila 1,2 oran\u0131na k\u0131yasla).<\/p>\n

K\u0131lavuz yata\u011f\u0131n temas uzunlu\u011funun art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, yan kuvvetlerin \u00e7ok daha geni\u015f bir y\u00fczey alan\u0131na yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar (A_contact = \u03c0 \u00d7 d_rod \u00d7 L_guide). Bu geni\u015fletilmi\u015f yatak temas alan\u0131, tepe yerel temas gerilimini (\u03c3_contact) 60%'den fazla azaltarak kenar gerilimi art\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler ve temas bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 yatak malzemesinin akma e\u015fi\u011finin \u00e7ok alt\u0131nda tutar.<\/p>\n

2. Santrif\u00fcj D\u00f6k\u00fcm Bronz-PTFE A\u015f\u0131nma Band\u0131 Dizileri<\/h3>\n

Piston kolunun krom tabakas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izmeden a\u011f\u0131r yan y\u00fckleri absorbe etmek i\u00e7in, uzat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f k\u0131lavuz kovan\u0131n i\u00e7 deli\u011finde \u00e7ift veya \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc santrif\u00fcj d\u00f6k\u00fcm bronz dolgulu PTFE a\u015f\u0131nma bantlar\u0131 (veya a\u011f\u0131r hizmet tipi CuAl10Fe3 al\u00fcminyum-bronz k\u0131lavuz bur\u00e7lar\u0131) bulunur:<\/p>\n