{"id":1414,"date":"2026-07-31T08:04:26","date_gmt":"2026-07-31T08:04:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lift-cylinders.com\/?p=1414"},"modified":"2026-07-31T08:06:15","modified_gmt":"2026-07-31T08:06:15","slug":"super-long-reach-extension-cylinders-for-long-reach-excavators","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lift-cylinders.com\/ar\/application\/super-long-reach-extension-cylinders-for-long-reach-excavators\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\n\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629<\/span>
\n\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/header>\n

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\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
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\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a<\/td>\n\u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0648\u062f \/ \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 (\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u0639 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0627)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0628\u0633 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 (\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \/ \u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0629 (ISO 15614 \/ AWS D1.1)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646<\/td>\n\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 42CrMo (GB\/T 3077 \/ EN 10083 42CrMo4 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0633\u0649)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n\u0645\u064f\u0642\u0633\u0651\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062b (58-62 HRC) + \u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 (30-45 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a<\/td>\n\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f + \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u0639 + \u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0634\u0637<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0646\u0628\u0630\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/td>\n\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f (\u0645\u0646 18 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 32 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627) + \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a + \u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0635\u062f\u0645\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/td>\n\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0628\u0633\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0648\u0634 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0632\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629<\/td>\n\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f (L_guide \/ d_rod \u2265 2.0) + \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a<\/td>\n\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 31.5 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 35.0 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644 (315 - 350 \u0628\u0627\u0631)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n

<\/p>\n

\n

\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a<\/h2>\n

\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0639\u0635\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0642\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0647\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0627\u0647\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u0626 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0636\u062e\u0651\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0635\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644. \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 35.0 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n

\"\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n

\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0642 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0648\u0644\u0651\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0629 (F_vertical) \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 (F_lateral) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f (L_reach = \u0645\u0646 18 \u0625\u0644\u0649 32 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627)\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0648\u0644\u0651\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0632\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 (M_bending) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n

M_bending = F_bucket \u00d7 L_reach<\/div>\n

\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 (F_side) \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f. \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062b\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0628\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062c\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0634\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/div>\n

\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644<\/h3>\n

\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 (F_push) \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f (F_pull) \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0627:<\/p>\n

F_push = P_hyd \u00d7 A_cap = P_hyd \u00d7 (\u03c0 \u00d7 D_bore2<\/sup> \/ 4)<\/div>\n
F_pull = P_hyd \u00d7 A_annulus = P_hyd \u00d7 [\u03c0 \u00d7 (D_bore2<\/sup> \u2013 \u062f_\u0631\u0648\u062f2<\/sup>) \/ 4]<\/div>\n

\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 P_hyd \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0646 31.5 \u0625\u0644\u0649 35.0 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644)\u060c \u0648D_bore \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629 (\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 140 \u0645\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 220 \u0645\u0645)\u060c \u0648d_rod \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0628\u0633 (\u0645\u0646 90 \u0645\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 160 \u0645\u0645). \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0641\u0629 \u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

<\/p>\n

\n

\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0628\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a<\/h2>\n

\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0641\u0631 \u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0628\u0633 (\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0628 \/ \u062e\u062f\u0648\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0629)<\/strong> \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0643\u0628\u0633 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062d\u0634\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n

\"\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/p>\n

1. \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a<\/h3>\n

\u0641\u064a \u062c\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0648\u0644\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 (F_side) \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0631\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0628\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a. \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 (\u03c3_contact) \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u03c3_contact(edge) = (F_side \/ A_contact) + [ (M_off-center \u00d7 y) \/ I_bushing ]<\/div>\n

\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u03c3_contact(edge) \u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n

\"\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637<\/div>\n

2. \u062a\u0642\u0634\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0648\u0634\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0632\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645<\/h3>\n

\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0648\u0634 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0628\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645:<\/p>\n

\n
\n

1. \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644<\/h4>\n

\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

2. \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644<\/h4>\n

\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0641 U \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064d. \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

3. \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637<\/h4>\n

\u064a\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n

<\/p>\n

\n

\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a: \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 42CrMo \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645<\/h2>\n

\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 Q235B \u0623\u0648 AISI 1020) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \"\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 42CrMo\" (\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 GB\/T 3077\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 EN 10083 42CrMo4 \/ AISI 4140) \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0628\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0643.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641<\/h3>\n

\u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 42CrMo \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639. \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 850 \u0648880 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0628\u0631\u0651\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0637\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0651\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 560 \u0648600 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (\u03c3_s) \u0625\u0644\u0649 850 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 (\u03c3_b) \u0625\u0644\u0649 1000 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642 V \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 45 \u062c\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 -20 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0628\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u064a\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628<\/th>\n\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639 (\u03c3_s)<\/th>\n\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f (\u03c3_b)<\/th>\n\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064a (-20 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Q235B (\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a)<\/td>\n\u2265 235 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n370 \u2013 500 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n\u2264 20 \u062c\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f +20 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Q345D (\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643)<\/td>\n\u2265 345 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n470 \u2013 630 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n\u2265 34 \u062c\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f -20 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 42CrMo (\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 Q&T)<\/td>\n\u2265 850 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n\u2265 1000 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n\u2265 45 \u062c\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f -20 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062b<\/h3>\n

\u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0628\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 42CrMo \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062b \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u200b\u200b\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 3.0 \u06484.5 \u0645\u0645 (\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 58 \u064862 HRC). \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u062d\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 (Ra \u2264 0.15 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631)\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0628 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 30 \u064845 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 (400 \u0625\u0644\u0649 600 \u0634\u0642\/\u0633\u0645). \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0631.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

<\/p>\n

\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647: \u062c\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644<\/h2>\n
\"\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/div>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0628\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0632\u0642 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \"\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\" \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646: \"\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\" \u0648\"\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\".<\/p>\n

1. \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f (L_guide \/ d_rod \u2265 2.0 \u0625\u0644\u0649 2.5)<\/h3>\n

\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 (L_guide) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0628\u0633 (d_rod)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 L_guide \/ d_rod \u2265 2.0 \u0625\u0644\u0649 2.5 (\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0640 1.0 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1.2 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629).<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 (A_contact = \u03c0 \u00d7 d_rod \u00d7 L_guide). \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a (\u03c3_contact) \u0628\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 60%\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n

2. \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 PTFE<\/h3>\n

\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u062f\u0634 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0628\u0633\u060c \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0621\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 PTFE (\u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 CuAl10Fe3 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644):<\/p>\n